Some 475 million years ago , algae wash ashore into a moist , protect nook and developed as the first res publica works . Since then , species have go out and the very shape of the human race has changed , but the plants have remained , adjust to each new challenge with increasing complexness and multifariousness . Today , botanists recognize four broad classifications within the plant realm that show the plants ' storied march through prison term .

Mosses

bryophyte , unremarkably identified as moss , form the simplest and erstwhile of the four plant assortment . The earliest moss acquire from algae and so were adapt to living in an aquatic environment . As such , they had no vascular systems or roots , since all cells could distil water system from their aquatic environment . Mosses , likewise , need middleman with water , keeping their leave of absence small and causing them to prefer damp , umbrageous environments . During reproduction , mosses also take water to start the spermatozoon to the egg . When fecundation pass off , moss produce spores , tiny cells that , if they put down in a worthy surroundings , grow into a novel plant .

Ferns

Ferns constitute the second major grouping of plants and the next major step in plant development . Ferns were the first plant to explicate a vascular organization , a simple word of mouth through which piss drawn up from the roots and nutrient produced in the folio can be distributed throughout the plant . This allow ferns to grow larger and conform to a panoptic ambit of environs than moss , which needed to be in liaison with water for their most canonic function . Like mosses , fern also create spores and , therefore , still require water supply to regurgitate . The brownish clump you may observe on the undersides of fern leaves are called sori , or fruit dot , which bring about millions of spore , each with the luck to spring up into a fresh fern works .

Gymnosperms

The development of the seed was one of the most important evolutionary advantages for the plant life kingdom because it freed plants from body of water habituation for reproduction , in addition to supply extra protection and nutrition for developing plant fertilized egg . gymnosperm were the earliest seed - bearing flora that are still in existence today , and they in all likelihood evolved from cum - bring on ferns now long extinct . Gymnosperms include conifer and palm tree diagram , and as their name suggests – gymnosperm entail " naked seed " in Greek – their seeds develop expose on a cone shape rather than protected by an ovary . Gymnosperms have both manful and female cones . The male cones grow pollen that , when the wind carries it to a distaff retinal cone , fertilizes the ball inside the seed .

Flowering Plants

The final plant phylum is the angiosperms , or flowering plants . Today , the unfolding plants rule , with a quarter - million known species , well over one-half of the industrial plant land . The most obvious conflict between florescence plant and the other phyla is , of course , the development of flower , the burnished colors of which actively pull pollinator . Flowers also protect the developing ejaculate inside of an ovary , and some species bring about fruit , which improves semen dispersal . Additionally , the vascular system of flowering plants improved , build up into prospicient tubes of nonliving tissue rather than strings of poriferous cell .

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