In April 2018 , a sample of Oriental intercrossed lily ( Lilium spp . ) with classifiable symptom was submitted to Fera Science Ltd. for diagnosis from a nursery in southerly England by the Plant Health and Seed Inspectorate ( PHSI ) . From the rust - colour , necrotic streaking on the foliage it was initially suspected that Plantago asiatica mosaic virus ( PlAMV , genus Potexvirus ) was the causal broker ( Fig.1 ) .
Figure 1 : Lily leaf infected with Plantago asiatica mosaic virus showing rust-brown - coloured , necrotic streaking .
Total RNA was pull out from the sample using magnetised beads and tested with a Verso 1 - step RT- PCR Reddymix outfit ( Thermo Scientific , USA ) using generic potexvirus primer , overturn Potex 4 and forward Potex 5 primers ( Miglino et al . , 2006 ) . A 280 bp amplicon was purify and institutionalise for sequencing ( Genbank Accession No . MK005152 ) . This chronological succession had 99 % identity to PlAMV ( KY807785 ) . The result was confirmed using another RT - PCR assay with primer corresponding to the PlAMV coat protein cistron sequence ( Parrella et al . , 2015 ) , and the same PCR master mix as used antecedently , to bring forth a 1 kb amplicon ( MK005151 ) . successiveness comparisons confirmed that the virus was PlAMV with 99 % individuality to Accession No . KX245539 .
The infected plants identified in 2018 were grow in the UK from electric-light bulb originate in The Netherlands , where PlAMV has previously been reported ( Anonymous , 2010 ) . A lily sampling was name by Fera as being taint with PlAMV in 2012 , ( Anderson et al . , 2012 ) . These bulbs were grown in Spain and intercepted in the UK by PHSI , and the computer virus was not think to have lay down . The lily samples in 2012 and 2018 were both from plants or propagation stuff originating in another land however the 2018 outbreak is the first account of PlAMV being detect from lilies actually grown on - land site in the UK .
PlAMV has been report in several country in Europe , the Americas , Korea , China and Japan and can infect natural hosts include Plantago asiatica ( Russian Far East , Korea ) , Nandina domestica ( USA ) , Rehmannia glutinosa ( Korea ) and Lilium and Primula spp ( Japan ) , as well as a number of wild plant hosts ( CABI , 2018 ) .
The extent of the 2018 outbreak was specify to a few greenhouse works . Virus symptoms were not seen during site inspection in previous twelvemonth . PlAMV is not regulated in the UK however necrotic streaking on the leafage makes infected lilies unsalable . expiration of up to 80 % have been reported in commercial snub - heyday lily production in The Netherlands ( Anonymous , 2010 ) . Virus control is managed by the growers as this potexvirus can be transmitted both in contaminated soil and during the bulb washing processes via contaminated water ( de Kock , 2013 ) . Appropriate phytosanitary recommendations were put in billet in the affect nursery to foreclose further ranch .
Source : New Disease Reports ( V. Harju , S. Forde , H. Tozer , A. Dible , A. Buxton Kirk , A. Fowkes , A. Skelton and A. Fox )
