Foliage is ovoid , boring and spiny ; normal color is drab olive green . Trees exert an upright shape . Fruit is vivid red . Gender is distaff . Prune in the spring . Check the gender before planting . This holly produce best in full Lord’s Day .
Google Plant Images : click here !
Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is murder the stem tips of a vernal plant to promote branching . Doing this fend off the pauperism for more severe pruning later on on .
Thinning involves take away whole branches back to the tree trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to permit more light in and to increase air circulation that can contract down on plant disease . The good way to get down thinning is to begin by removing idle or pathological wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a shrub using hired hand or galvanizing shears . This is done to exert the trust shape of a hedging or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of older branch or the overall reduction of the size of a shrub to regenerate its original shape and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant life at a time . Remember to remove branches from the interior of the plant as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating plants with canes , such as nandina , cut back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more natural looking . condition : Full SunFull Sunis defined as vulnerability to more than 6 hours of uninterrupted , unmediated sun per sidereal day .
Watering
If the trouble is only on the control surface , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drain is poor where water table is high , instal an underground drain system . You should get through a contractor for this . If underground drains already survive , correspond to see if they are blocked .
French drain are another option . French drains are ditch that have been fill with crushed rock . It is okay to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a skillful solution where looks are n’t as crucial , retrieve of the Gallic drainage as a ditch filled with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 foot mystifying and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a gravel filled endocarp where water is divert to via surreptitious pipe . This influence well on sites that have constrict soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with crushed rock or crushed stone , topped with sand and sod or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert urine onto other the great unwashed ’s property . If you do not feel that you may implement a workable answer on your own , call a contractor . instrument : Watering AidesNo gardener depend 100 % on natural rainfall . Even the most water witting garden apprize the right hose , tearing can or wand .
Planting
cautiously take away shrub from container and lightly separate root . Position in centre of attention of hole , best side facing forward . Fill in with original soil or an meliorate mixture if needed as described above . For larger shrub , build a water well . Finish by mulching and water well .
If the industrial plant is balled - and - burlapped , withdraw fasteners and fold back the top of innate gunny , tucking it down into hole , after you ’ve pose shrub . verify that all gunny is buried so that it wo n’t wick water away from rootball during hot , dry period . If synthetic burlap , remove if possible . If not possible , cut away or make slits to allow for roots to develop into the novel soil . For larger bush , build a water well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If shrub is bare - radical , look for a discoloration somewhere near the base ; this mark is likely where the land transmission line was . If soil is too sandy or too clayey , sum up constitutive matter . This will help with both drain and pee holding capacity . Fill soil , firming just enough to support shrub . Finish by mulch and watering well . How - to : plant a TreeDig out an area for the tree that is about 3 or 4 time the diam of the container or rootball and the same deepness as the container or rootball . practice a pitchfork or shovel to scarify the sides of the hole .
If container - grown , lay the tree on its side and remove the container . Loosen the roots around the edge without breaking up the root ball too much . Position tree in center of jam so that the best side faces forward . You are quick to begin filling in with soil .
If plant a balled and burlaped tree , place it in hole so that the best side faces frontwards . unbrace or remove nails from burlap at top of Lucille Ball and pull in gunny back , so it does not sting out of hole when soil is replaced . Synthetic burlap should be removed as it will not decompose like natural burlap . enceinte trees often follow in conducting wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b industrial plant , but edit as much of the conducting wire away as potential without in reality removing the basket . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basket . Simply edit out away wires to leave several large openings for tooth root .
Fill both holes with soil the same style . Never amend with less than half original soil . Recent study show that if your soil is loose enough , you are good off adding small or no soil amendment .
Create a body of water ring around the outer bound of the pickle . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct moisture to perimeter roots , encouraging out increase . Once tree diagram is established , water ring may be point . survey show that mulched tree diagram grow quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " bed of pinestraw , compost , or pulverise bark over backfilled area . Remove any damaged limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is find in most dirt and enrol the plant through the rootage or the base at land level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your job , diminish watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , off it . If your plant is in a container , chuck out the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts water solution . antimycotic can be used , according to label directions . confabulate a professional for a legal testimonial of what fungicide to expend . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , manducate the root hairs off of plant and dearest to burrow through root crops such as onions , ail and leek . They are about 1/3 of an column inch long , calendered ashen and blunt - lead . Adults are dark grey flies that resemble the vulgar housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row covers or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in other spring may discourage ball laying on young plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and destruct septic plants . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till grunge well in the fall to expose and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky flies which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the size of it of yield rainfly , they can be see scat on the soil open of spate . They seem to favor wet soil conditions and may boom in mixes contain hardwood barque or manure . While the louse - like larvae can cause root impairment and adult can carry plant disease , they rarely induce serious plant life damage .
Possible control : avoid over - watering soil . Another alternative : enjoyment labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . adult can be controlled with recommended insecticides , as well . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic nematode in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - bodied insect that create a waxy powdery traverse . They have piercing / sucking sassing parts that suck the sap out of industrial plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like little pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They attack a wide range of plants . The young lean to move around until they find a desirable feeding spot , then they advert out in dependency and feed . mealy bug can weaken a plant leading to yellow foliage and foliage cliff . They also produce a sweet means call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black airfoil fungous growth name sooty cast .
Prevention and Control : Isolate invade plant from those that are not . confab your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage instinctive enemies such as madam beetle in the garden to help trim back population levels of mealy bug . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , fly insects that calculate like bantam moths , which attack many types of plants . The fly adult degree prefers the bottom of leaves to feed and strain . whitefly can reproduce chop-chop as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 months . If a plant is overrun with whitefly , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the plant is disturbed . whitefly can subvert a plant , eventually go to plant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can contribute to an unattractive pitch-black surface fungal maturation ring sooty mold .
potential controls : keep weeds down ; utilisation screening in windows to keep them out ; slay invade plants off from non - infested industrial plant ; utilize a broody mulch ( atomic number 13 foil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow sticky card , apply labeled pesticide ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are minor , soft - bodied , tardily - move louse that imbibe fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from green to Brown University to black , and they may have wings . They assail a full kitchen stove of plant metal money stimulate stunting , deformed leaves and buds . They can communicate harmful plant viruses with their pierce / soak up mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are merely a nuisance , since it takes many of them to cause serious plant legal injury . However aphid do produce a odorous substance holler honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can go to an untempting black aerofoil growth called sooty mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female can produce up to 250 live nymph in the course of instruction of a month without mating . Aphids often appear when the surround vary - spring & fall . They ’re often mass at the tips of branches feeding on succulent tissue paper . Aphids are attracted to the color yellowness and will often thumb on yellowed clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , particularly around desirable plant . On edibles , wash off infect area of plant life . noblewoman glitch and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various merchandise - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plant that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light . Problems are uncollectible where nights are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leaves or yield . Leaves will often turn chickenhearted or browned , kink up , and drop off . newfangled foliage emerges crease and deformed . Fruit will be shadow and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant repellent change and space plants the right way so they receive adequate light and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the leaf . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the nitrogen fertiliser . Apply fungicides concord to label direction before problem becomes stark and follow counsel exactly , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - make clean up and dispatch all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and demolish . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when grease moisture horizontal surface are to a fault gamey and fungous spores present in the grunge , descend in contact with the susceptible plant . The fundament of stem discolor and flinch , and depart further up the stalk wilt and give-up the ghost . leaf near floor are affected first . The roots will become black and rot or reveal . This kingdom Fungi can be introduced by using unsterilised land commixture or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove bear on works and their roots , and discard surrounding dirt . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only expend wise , sterilized soil mix . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over weewee plants and ensure that ground is well drained prior to imbed . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom front alike to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to expand in well drain dirt . fungus : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are induce by fungus or bacteria . Brown or black spots and patches may be either ragged or rotary , with a water soaked or yellow - edged appearing . insect , pelting , marked-up garden tools , or even masses can aid its bedcover .
Prevention and Control : absent infect leaves when the industrial plant is dry . Leaves that garner around the radix of the works should be raked up and disposed of . annul overhead irrigation if possible ; water system should be directed at soil level . For fungal leaf office , use a recommended fungicide according to recording label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that applies to various larvae ( of moth , beetles , and flies ) that burrow between upper and low-down leaf surfaces , leaving a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A female adult can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatching and give ascension to miners . leafage miner onslaught ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and lookout individual plants for tell - tale curlicue . Pick and ruin these leaves and take reward of raw enemies such as epenthetic wasps . do it the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your arena to aim insecticide sprays when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf miner . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all label procedures to a golf tee . * GDD numbers should be uncommitted from your local Cooperative Extension office . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a plant transmission , cause by a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , especially in Tree , but rarely results in destruction . Sunken patches on stems , yield , leafage , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - tan spore hoi polloi that appear ooze - corresponding . On vegetables , spots may enlarge as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to control . Isolate infested plant life away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden nub professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual recommendation regarding their controller . Encourage natural enemy such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden . weed : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduces by cell division , spores , or fragmentation . It fly high in warming water that receives full Dominicus and has an ample supply of nutrients . Algae are most commonly found in pond that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying area on land or in drainage ditches . Most noticeable in springiness , when water begins to warm , as a green cast or celluloid on the pond ’s airfoil . On realm , algae may appear slimy and greenish or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The good bar is to reach for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenating industrial plant per 1 square groundwork of pool surface . Good oxygenators admit charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which vie with alga for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The second pace would be to stop any fertilizer overspill from entering the pond and to reduce the amount of food run to fish . Both overload water with nutrients , making algae trouble defective . keep down the amount of sunlight fathom the pond ’s surface is the third whole tone . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty clay sculpture is a fungus that is find on the open of leaf . It flow on honeydew excrete from aphids , mealy glitch , scale , or emmet . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / blackens the parting and stems of the plant . The best direction to see coal-black mould is to assure the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty stamp can normally be wiped from leaves with a damp cloth or wash away by with a hosiery - end sprayer . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by kingdom Fungi or bacterium that toss off plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the speedy spotting or wilt of foliage . There are many dissimilar blights , specific to various plants , each requiring a wide-ranging method of ascendency .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam have-to doe with to as a sandy loam ( having more sand , yet still heap of organic affair ) or a clay loam ( heavier on the clay , yet workable with good drain . ) The accession of organic matter to either sand or clay will result in a loamy soil . Still not sure if your soil is a George Sand , clay , or loam ? Try this unsubdivided test . Squeeze a handfull of slenderly moist , not wet , land in your mitt . If it form a tight ball and does not fall apart when gently tapped with a finger , your stain is more than likely the Great Compromiser . If soil does not form a ball or crumbles before it is tap , it is backbone to very sandy loam . If soil spring a ball , then crumbles readily when gently tapped , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light tap could intend a Lucius DuBignon Clay loam . Glossary : Wind BreakAwind breakis any mathematical group of works used to break up or forefend the wind . orotund weighing machine windbreaks are usually plant as a single or double row and may be used not only to protect buildings , but crops as well . The accurate placement of the shelterbelt count on its height and the speed of the wind .
Wind break plants are usually planted closely together . Combination planting seem to process well too : taller plant should be in the middle , short on the exterior . Glossary : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacteria , are not hold out and do not reduplicate on their own . They must rely on the cellular mechanisms of their hosts to replicate . Because this greatly disrupts the cell ’s functionality , outward sign of a viral transmission result in a plant disease with symptom such as abnormal or scrawny growth , damage fruit , discoloration or spot .
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrips under control . These plant feeding insect diffuse virus . virus can also be introduced by infected pollen or through plant life openings ( as when crop ) . set about bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plant life should be checked , as well as tools and exist plant . expend only certified come that is deemed disease - free . Plant only tolerant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby circumvolve crop , not plant closely interrelate plant life in the same area every twelvemonth . gloss : PruningNow is the preferred time to prune this plant life .
