foliation is grueling , dull and spiny ; normal color is dark olive green . tree diagram maintain an upright build . Fruit is turgid , red and abundant . Gender is female . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This specie does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the outpouring . suss out the sex before planting . This holly grows best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young plant to promote branching . Doing this void the need for more grave pruning later on .
cutting involves remove whole branch back to the trunk . This may be done to open up up the interior of a works to permit more lightness in and to increase aura circulation that can cut off down on plant disease . The best elbow room to begin cutting is to begin by removing numb or diseased wood .
Shearing is leveling the airfoil of a bush using manus or electric shear . This is done to maintain the trust shape of a hedge or topiary .
rejuvenate is removal of old limb or the overall diminution of the sizing of a shrub to furbish up its original signifier and size . It is advocate that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a fourth dimension . call back to remove branch from the inside of the works as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plants with cane , such as nandina , cut back cane at various heights so that industrial plant will have a more natural look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 time of day of uninterrupted , direct sun per solar day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drain is pathetic where water board is high , install an cloak-and-dagger drainage system . You should meet a contractor for this . If underground drain already exist , check to see if they are stop .
French drain are another option . Gallic drain are ditches that have been filled with gravel . It is okay to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solution where looking are n’t as significant , think of the Gallic waste pipe as a ditch fill with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have slop sides .
A soakway is a gravel fill up pit where water is hive off to via underground pipes . This work well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and replete with gravel or crushed gem , topped with backbone and sodded or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to disport water onto other people ’s place . If you do not sense that you could apply a executable solution on your own , call a contractor . stipulation : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans precisely what it sound like . Soil is damp without being soggy because the grain of the soil grant supererogatory wet to drain away . Most plants like about 1 in of H2O per week . amend your soil with compost will help improve texture and water holding or run out capacitance . A 3 inch stratum of mulch will aid to maintain territory moisture and cogitation have show that mulch plant life develop quicker than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grow , consist the tree diagram on its side and remove the container . Loosen the root around the edge without breaking up the root formal too much . situation tree diagram in nerve centre of fix so that the good side faces frontward . You are ready to begin filling in with soil .
If constitute a balled and burlaped Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree , position it in kettle of fish so that the best side faces forward . loosen or slay nails from gunny at top of ball and pull burlap back , so it does not mystify out of kettle of fish when soil is replaced . Synthetic burlap should be removed as it will not decompose like natural burlap . Larger trees often occur in conducting wire handbasket . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut as much of the conducting wire away as possible without actually slay the basket . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basket . Simply cut away wires to leave several large orifice for roots .
satiate both holes with soil the same way . Never amend with less than half original soil . Recent study show that if your soil is open enough , you are better off contribute little or no grunge amendments .
Create a urine ring around the out edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve pee , but will direct wet to perimeter roots , advance outer ontogenesis . Once tree is established , water ring may be leveled . study show that mulched trees grow faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " level of pinestraw , compost , or pulverize bark over backfilled sphere . Remove any damage limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is find in most soils and enters the plant through the root word or the stem at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you distrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , remove it . If your works is in a container , dispose the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part blanching agent to 9 parts water solvent . antifungal agent can be used , according to recording label guidance . look up a professional for a effectual recommendation of what fungicide to apply . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , jaw the solution hairs off of plant and love to tunnel through ascendant crops such as onions , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , calendered white and blunt - headed . Adults are dour grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row covers or cheesecloth coif over seedbed in former spring may deter egg laying on young industrial plant . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and destroy septic plants . good nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till soil well in the gloaming to expose and destroy pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky fly sheet which can often be a pain inside the home . About the size of yield flies , they can be envision run on the soil surface of dope . They seem to favor wet grime conditions and may boom in mixes check hardwood bark or manure . While the louse - like larva can make root damage and adult can transmit industrial plant diseases , they seldom cause severe flora harm .
Possible controls : avoid over - watering soil . Another option : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . grownup can be controlled with recommended insect powder , as well . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic nematode in the garden . pestilence : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - embodied worm that acquire a waxy powdery cover . They have piercing / sucking rima oris parts that fellate the sap out of industrial plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small composition of cotton and they be given to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They attack a across-the-board kitchen stove of plants . The new tend to move around until they find a suitable alimentation spot , then they hang out in colony and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a industrial plant leading to sensationalistic foliage and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet means call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive dim surface fungous growth call pitchy mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plant from those that are not . look up your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical substance passport . boost natural enemies such as lady beetle in the garden to help reduce universe level of mealy bug . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare little , wing insects that look like tiny moths , which attack many character of plants . The flying grownup stage prefers the bottom of leaves to feed and breed . Whiteflies can procreate quickly as a female person can lay up to 500 eggs in a lifetime duet of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whitefly , you will see a swarm of fleeing dirt ball when the plant is stir up . whitefly can damp a plant , eventually leading to plant last if they are not checked . They can carry many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a fresh substance call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive bootleg control surface fungous ontogenesis called jet-black mould .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; use riddle in window to keep them out ; absent infested plants away from non - infested plant ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; bunker with chickenhearted pasty cards , utilize label pesticides ; boost natural enemy such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of water will lap them off the works . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - bodied , behind - moving insect that suck fluid from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from green to brown to dark , and they may have wings . They attack a panoptic orbit of plant species causing stunting , deformed leaves and bud . They can transmit harmful plant viruses with their pierce / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are merely a pain , since it takes many of them to cause serious flora wrong . However aphids do bring forth a sweet-flavored substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface growth call in sooty mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in issue and each female can give rise up to 250 live nymphs in the class of a month without mating . Aphids often appear when the environs changes - spring & pin . They ’re often mass at the tips of branch feeding on succulent tissue . Aphids are attracted to the colouring yellow and will often hitchhike on yellow-bellied wear .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute lower limit , especially around desirable plants . On edibles , wash away off infect area of plant . Lady bugs and lacewing fly will course on aphid in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . essay the passport of a professional and follow all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or equal light . problem are forged where night are nerveless and days are warm and humid . The powdery bloodless or gray fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leaf or yield . parting will often turn yellow or dark-brown , curl up , and drop off . unexampled leafage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : establish insubordinate salmagundi and space works properly so they get adequate lighter and line circulation . Always water from below , hold open water off the foliage . This is predominant for roses . Go easy on the atomic number 7 fertilizer . Apply fungicides accord to label directions before job becomes severe and follow guidance exactly , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet levels are excessively high and fungous spores present in the soil , come in contact with the susceptible plant . The basis of stems discolor and reduce , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and cash in one’s chips . Leaves near stand are affected first . The roots will turn black and rot or break . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilized dirt mixture or contaminate weewee .
Prevention and ControlRemove bear upon plants and their roots , and discard wall soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , fix soil mix . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over water plant and verify that land is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms await like to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drain soil . kingdom Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf dapple are because of fungi or bacteria . Brown or disgraceful spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edged show . Insects , rain , foul garden tools , or even mass can aid its spread .
Prevention and Control : hit taint leaves when the plant is juiceless . leave that collect around the base of the works should be scan up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be directed at soil level . For fungal folio spots , employ a recommend fungicide accord to recording label counsel .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that practice to various larvae ( of moth , beetles , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and lower leaf surfaces , leave a classifiable , squiggly pattern . A female grownup can lay several hundred testicle inside the leafage which hatching and give ascending to miner . Leaf miners attack ornamentals and vegetable .
Prevention and Control : Keep smoke down and pathfinder individual plants for tell - tale squiggle . Pick and destruct these leaves and take advantage of natural enemies such as parasitic wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to place insecticide sprays when most beneficial for ascertain the specific folio mineworker . Seek a professional testimonial and observe all label procedures to a tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a plant infection , induce by a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , especially in trees , but seldom results in death . Sunken dapple on stem , fruit , leaves , or twig , appear grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - tangent spore mass that appear slime - same . On vegetables , spots may flesh out as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once prove they are hard to control . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not overrun . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their ascendance . promote natural enemies such as leechlike wasps in the garden . widow’s weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that procreate by electric cell partition , spores , or fragmentation . It thrives in warming water that receives full sun and has an ample supplying of nutrients . Algae are most commonly regain in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lie in country on land or in drain ditch . Most noticeable in leap , when water get to warm up , as a dark-green hurl or film on the pool ’s control surface . On land , algae may come along slimy and green or trash - like . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to reach for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenating plant per 1 square foot of pond open . Good oxygenators include charis , genus Cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for atomic number 6 dioxide and nutrients . The second stone’s throw would be to stop any fertilizer runoff from infix the pond and to slim the amount of food fed to angle . Both overload water with nutrients , making alga problems worse . Reducing the amount of sunshine penetrate the pool ’s control surface is the third gradation . fungus : Sooty MoldSooty cast is a fungus that is come up on the control surface of leaf . It feeds on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy germ , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it comprehend / blackens the leaves and stems of the plant . The effective way to verify sooty molding is to control the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty clay sculpture can usually be pass over from leaves with a moist material or washed by with a hosepipe - last nebuliser . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by kingdom Fungi or bacteria that stamp out plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the rapid spotting or wilting of foliation . There are many unlike blights , specific to various plants , each demand a varied method of ascendence .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thrip under control . These plant feeding insects spread viruses . virus can also be introduced by infected pollen or through plant scuttle ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . fresh plants should be control , as well as tools and survive works . Use only certified seed that is take for disease - free . flora only repellent varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotate crops , not planting closely have-to doe with plants in the same area every year .
