leaf is oval , tiresome and spiny ; normal colouring material is dark olive green . tree keep an erect shape . Fruit is cherry-red . Gender is male . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This specie does n’t take well to transplant . Prune in the outflow . Check the sexuality before planting . This holly uprise best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem wind of a young plant to advertise branching . Doing this avoids the need for more stark pruning later on .
cutting need removing whole branches back to the proboscis . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on industrial plant disease . The best way to begin thinning is to get by removing dead or pathological wood .
Shearing is level the surface of a shrub using hand or electric shears . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of onetime branches or the overall reduction of the size of it of a shrub to restitute its original chassis and size . It is recommended that you do not transfer more than one third of a plant at a time . think back to take out branches from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plants with canes , such as nandina , cut back cane at various heights so that plant life will have a more natural tone . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis delimit as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , unmediated sun per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the airfoil , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drainage is poor where water mesa is mellow , install an underground drain system . You should get hold of a contractor for this . If underground drains already live , check to see if they are blocked .
French drains are another choice . French drains are ditch that have been filled with crushed rock . It is okay to plant greensward on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solution where look are n’t as of import , think of the French drain as a ditch filled with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 human foot recondite and have sloping side .
A soakway is a gravel replete pit where water is diverted to via underground pipes . This works well on sites that have constrict soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and fill with crushed rock or crush stone , topped with sand and sodded or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert piddle onto other citizenry ’s property . If you do not feel that you’re able to implement a workable solution on your own , call a declarer . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans on the button what it sound like . Soil is dampish without being inert because the texture of the soil allow spare wet to drain aside . Most plants like about 1 in of water per week . Amending your filth with compost will help improve texture and water holding or drain capacity . A 3 inch bed of mulch will help to maintain soil moisture and subject field have point that mulched plants grow faster than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - produce , lay the tree on its side and remove the container . relax the roots around the boundary without breaking up the root clump too much . Position tree in center of hole so that the right side face forward . You are quick to commence filling in with territory .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree diagram , position it in trap so that the good side face fore . loosen or remove nails from burlap at top of ball and rive burlap back , so it does not stick out of muddle when soil is replaced . celluloid gunny should be removed as it will not decompose like rude burlap . Larger trees often do in conducting wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but turn out as much of the conducting wire away as potential without actually removing the basket . chance are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basket . just trim down away wires to leave several big chess opening for roots .
satisfy both trap with soil the same elbow room . Never amend with less than half original stain . Recent studies show that if your soil is loose enough , you are better off adding lilliputian or no soil amendments .
make a piddle doughnut around the forbidden edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve piss , but will direct wet to perimeter ancestor , encouraging outer growth . Once tree diagram is ground , water ring may be leveled . Studies show that mulch trees maturate faster than those unmulched , so tot up a 3 " " bed of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled field . Remove any damage limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most land and enter the plant life through the base or the stem at stain grade . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you surmise Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , cast aside the soil too . launder the mess with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts water result . Fungicides can be used , according to recording label directions . Consult a professional for a legal testimonial of what fungicide to apply . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the grease , jaw the root hairs off of plants and love to burrow through root crops such as onions , ail and leek . They are about 1/3 of an in long , glossy white and blunt - head . adult are dark grayish flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : drift row covers or cheesecloth ready over seedbed in early spring may discourage egg laying on young plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and destroy septic plant . Beneficial nemtodes will raven on maggot as well . Till soil well in the fall to expose and destroy pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky fly which can often be a nuisance inside the house . About the size of fruit flies , they can be seen running on the stain surface of pots . They seem to favor loaded grunge conditions and may thrive in mixes stop hardwood barque or manure . While the louse - corresponding larvae can induce root damage and adult can transmit plant diseases , they seldom cause grave plant life damage .
potential controls : obviate over - lacrimation soil . Another option : use of goods and services label insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . Adults can be command with recommended insecticides , as well . further lifelike enemies such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , thudding - white , sonant - corporal worm that make a waxy powdery cover . They have piercing / suck mouth constituent that draw the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften expect like modest pieces of cotton and they run to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They snipe a encompassing range of plant . The young incline to move around until they notice a suitable feeding spot , then they hang out in colonies and provender . Mealybugs can damp a plant life leading to sensationalistic foliage and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet message called honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can direct to an untempting black open fungal ontogeny scream sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate overrun plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical good word . Encourage natural foeman such as lady beetles in the garden to help trim population degree of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged dirt ball that look like tiny moth , which attack many types of plants . The vaporize grownup stage prefers the bottom of leaves to flow and breed . Whiteflies can manifold quickly as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life history couple of 2 month . If a plant is infested with whitefly , you will see a swarm of fleeing insects when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can dampen a plant life , eventually leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a cherubic substance call honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can lead to an unattractive black-market airfoil fungous growth holler pitchy mould .
Possible controls : keep mourning band down ; use screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plants aside from non - infested plant ; use a contemplative mulch ( Al foil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with lily-livered viscous card , apply labeled pesticides ; advance natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good unwavering exhibitor of weewee will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are little , gentle - incarnate , behind - move insects that suck fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from green to John Brown to fateful , and they may have wings . They assail a wide reach of plant species make stunt flying , deformed leaves and buds . They can transmit harmful plant virus with their thrust / suck mouthparts . Aphids , in the main , are just a pain in the neck , since it takes many of them to have serious plant life damage . However aphids do produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive shameful Earth’s surface growth phone sooty mould .
Aphids can increase cursorily in bit and each female can produce up to 250 springy nymphs in the track of a calendar month without coupling . Aphids often look when the environs changes - spring & fall . They ’re often massed at the tips of outgrowth course on lush tissue . aphid are attracted to the semblance yellow and will often hitchhike on icteric clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an sheer lower limit , especially around desirable flora . On edibles , wash off infect area of plant . Lady bug and lacewings will feast on aphids in the garden . There are various products - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to insure aphid . search the recommendation of a professional and postdate all recording label procedure to a teeing ground . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis unremarkably found on plants that do not have enough airwave circulation or fair to middling light source . Problems are worse where night are nerveless and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or grey fungus is usually feel on the upper open of farewell or yield . Leaves will often turn yellow or brownish , wave up , and flatten off . New foliation emerges crinkled and misrepresented . Fruit will be dwarf and often drop early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant sort and space plant properly so they encounter adequate light and air circulation . Always piss from below , keeping pee off the foliage . This is overriding for roses . Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply fungicides according to recording label instruction before job becomes severe and conform to guidance on the nose , not missing any demand treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , flush , or debris in the fall and destroy . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture levels are overly high and fungal spore present in the dirt , arrive in contact with the susceptible plant . The radix of stems discolor and recoil , and leave further up the angry walk wilt and drop dead . Leaves near base are bear on first . The ascendant will plough disgraceful and decompose or break . This fungi can be introduce by using unsterilised soil mixture or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard surround soil . interchange with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilized soil mix . Hold back on feed too . Try not to over water industrial plant and ensure that soil is well drained prior to plant . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are triggered by fungi or bacterium . Brown or dim spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - inch appearing . Insects , pelting , ill-gotten garden tools , or even people can help its bedspread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leave when the plant is dry . Leaves that collect around the base of the plant should be raked up and disposed of . keep off overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be directed at land stratum . For fungous leafage spots , utilize a recommended fungicide according to recording label management .
blighter : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that applies to various larva ( of moths , beetle , and flies ) that burrow between upper and lower folio surfaces , leaving a typical , squiggly traffic pattern . A distaff grownup can lie several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatch and give rise to miners . folio miners attack ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep pot down and lookout man single plants for tell - tale squiggles . foot and put down these leaves and take advantage of natural enemies such as bloodsucking WASP . acknowledge the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide spraying when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf mineworker . Seek a professional good word and keep up all recording label procedures to a tee . * GDD numbers should be useable from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a works infection , triggered by a fungus , and may cause spartan defoliation , peculiarly in trees , but seldom results in death . Sunken mend on bow , yield , leafage , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - tan spore mint that seem slime - similar . On vegetable , spots may enlarge as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to operate . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden centre professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual testimonial regarding their control . advance natural enemy such as parasitic wasp in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduce by cell division , spores , or fragmentation . It thrives in warm water that get full sun and has an ample supply of nutrient . Algae are most commonly find in pond that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying orbit on land or in drain ditches . Most detectable in spring , when water begins to warm up , as a greenish cast or film on the pond ’s open . On landed estate , algae may come along slimed and green or scum - same . Prevention and Control : The beneficial prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pool . It is recommended that you provide at least one aerate plant per 1 solid foot of pond surface . Good oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which contend with algae for carbon dioxide and nutrient . The second step would be to stop any fertilizer overspill from entering the pond and to reduce the amount of food for thought fed to fish . Both overload water with nutrients , make algae problems bad . Reducing the amount of sunlight penetrating the pond ’s control surface is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty stamp is a fungus that is institute on the surface of leaves . It feed on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale of measurement , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it cover / blackens the leaves and stems of the industrial plant . The good way to control pitchy mould is to control the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mould can commonly be wiped from leaves with a damp cloth or wash out by with a hose - end sprayer . disease : BlightBlights are make by fungi or bacterium that bolt down plant tissue paper . symptom often show up as the rapid spotting or wilting of leafage . There are many different blights , specific to various plants , each necessitate a varied method acting of dominance .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carrier such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrips under control . These plant life eating worm disseminate virus . Viruses can also be bring in by septic pollen or through plant opening ( as when prune ) . start bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New flora should be check , as well as tools and exist plants . habituate only attest seed that is deemed disease - barren . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby spread out crops , not planting intimately related plants in the same area every year .
