Ilex cornuta is a large , evergreen shrub with lustrous saturnine green , often spiny , blocky to oval - shaped leaf , 2 to 3 inches long . Heavy crops of red or lily-livered Berry , to 1/2 column inch in diameter , remain throughout the wintertime . Effective hedge , silver screen , espalier , or garden specimen . Older industrial plant may be pruned into small tree . well-fixed and lasting . Extremely heat and drought kind . Does well in full sunlight or part nicety in almost any soil .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that sun and spook patterns change during the daytime . The western side of a house may even be fly-by-night due to shadows cast by big trees or a structure from an next property . If you have just bought a new home or just begin to garden in your older abode , take time to map sun and shade throughout the day . You will get a more accurate feeling for your site ’s lawful loose conditions . weather condition : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants opt light that is dribble . Sunlight , though not direct , is significant to them . Often morning Dominicus , because it is not as warm as afternoon sun , can be considered part sun or part shade . If you survive in an area that does not get much vivid sun , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full Lord’s Day exposure may be fine . In other field such as Florida , industrial plant in a locating where good afternoon shade will be received . consideration : Full to Partial SunFull sunlightis needed for many plants to take over their full potential . Many of these plant will do fine with a slight less sun , although they may not flower as hard or their leafage as vibrant . Areas on the southern and westerly side of construction usually are the cheery . The only exception is when houses or buildings are so close together , tincture are cast from neighboring properties . Full sun usually means 6 or more hour of direct unobstructed sunshine on a gay day . Partial Lord’s Day receives less than 6 hour of sun , but more than 3 hours . Plants able to take full sun in some climates may only be able-bodied to tolerate part sunlight in other mood . cognise the culture of the plant before you buy and plant it!Conditions : Types of PruningTypes of pruning admit : pinching , cutting , shearing and rejuvenate .
Pinching is remove the base tips of a young industrial plant to promote fork . Doing this avoids the need for more spartan pruning later on .
Thinning involves removing whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to afford up the Interior Department of a plant to countenance more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The best style to begin thinning is to set about by removing beat or pathological wood .
Shearing is leveling the airfoil of a shrub using handwriting or electric shear . This is done to keep the want shape of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of older branch or the overall reduction of the size of a shrub to restore its original form and size . It is recommend that you do not remove more than one third of a industrial plant at a time . Remember to remove branches from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenate flora with canes , such as nandina , trim back back cane at various heights so that plant life will have a more natural look . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor good plant performance , it is suitable to match the right plant with the available lightsome conditions . correct works , correct place ! Plants which do not receive sufficient visible radiation may become pale in colour , have few leaves and a " leggy " stretched - out appearance . Also expect plant to grow slower and have fewer blooms when igniter is less than desirable . It is possible to offer supplemental lighting for indoor plants with lamp . Plants can also receive too much ignitor . If a shadowiness love plant is exposed to direct Dominicus , it may droop and/or cause leaf to be sunburn or otherwise damaged . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct sun per daylight .
Watering
The key to watering is water deeply and less oft . When lacrimation , water well , i.e. provide enough water to good saturate the root ball . With in - ground plants , this means exhaustively soaking the grease until water has infiltrate to a depth of 6 to 7 inch ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plants , apply enough weewee to tolerate water to course through the drainage holes .
seek to water plants early in the day or later in the good afternoon to maintain water and bring down down on flora tenseness . Do water early enough so that water has had a fortune to dry from plant leaves prior to dark gloaming . This is paramount if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t wait to water until plants wilt . Although some plants will go back from this , all plants will pop off if they wilt too much ( when they reach the permanent wilting point ) .
count piddle conservation methods such as drip mould irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which slowly dribble moisture like a shot on the root system can be buy at your local home and garden center . mulch can importantly cool the stem zone and maintain moisture .
deliberate adding water - deliver gels to the root zona which will hold a reserve of water for the plant . These can make a domain of difference peculiarly under stressful condition . Be certain to follow recording label directions for their use .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be kept evenly moist and watered regularly , as condition demand . Most plants like 1 column inch of water a week during the growing season , but take tutelage not to over water . The first two year after a plant is installed , steady lachrymation is crucial for establishment . The first year is decisive . It is good to urine once a calendar week and water deeply , than to water system frequently for a few minutes .
Planting
Pruning deciduous bush can be divided into 4 group : Those that requireminimal pruning(take out only dead , diseased , discredited , or cover branch , can be done in former spring.);spring pruning(encourages vigorous , new growth which produces summertime flowers - in other actor’s line , flowers appear on raw wood);summer snip after flower(after anthesis , issue back shoots , and take out some of the older growth , down to the ground);suckering habit pruning(flowers seem on wood from old year . Cut back flowered stems by 1/2 , to inviolable growing new shoot and remove 1/2 of the flowered stems a couple of inches from the primer ) Always remove dead , discredited or diseased wood first , no matter what type of pruning you are doing .
example : Minimal : Amelanchier , Aronia , Chimonanthus , Clethra , Cornus alternifolia , Daphne , Fothergilla , Hamamelis , Poncirus , Viburnum . Spring : Abelia , Buddleia , Datura , Fuchsia , Hibiscus , Hypericum , Perovskia , Spirea douglasii / japonica , Tamarix . summertime after blossom : Buddleia alternifolia , Calycanthus , Chaenomeles , Corylus , Cotoneaster , Deutzia , Forsythia , Magnolia x soulangeana / stellata , Philadelphus , Rhododendron sp . , Ribes , Spirea x arguta / prunifolia / thunbergii , Syringa , Weigela . Suckering : KerriaHow - to : Planting ShrubsDig a hole twice the size of the root ball and deep enough to plant at the same level the shrub was in the container . If grunge is inadequate , dig hole even wider and fill with a mixture half original soil and one-half compost or land amendment .
Carefully remove shrub from container and softly freestanding antecedent . Position in center of hole , best side facing forrard . Fill in with original grime or an amended mixture if needed as described above . For larger shrub , build a water well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If the plant is balled - and - burlapped , remove fasteners and fold back the top of natural burlap , tuck it down into hole , after you ’ve positioned bush . check that that all gunny is buried so that it wo n’t wick water away from rootball during raging , ironical period . If man-made gunny , remove if potential . If not possible , abbreviate by or make slits to leave for ascendant to develop into the novel soil . For with child bush , build a water well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If shrub is unembellished - stem , look for a discoloration somewhere near the base ; this mark is likely where the grunge note was . If grunge is too sandy or too clayey , add organic issue . This will help with both drain and water holding mental ability . Fill dirt , firm just enough to support bush . Finish by mulch and water well . How - to : Pruning Flowering HedgesCareful extract , planting and initial pruning is vital for a uniform conventional or informal hedge . The safest time to prune most flowering hedging is straightaway after blossoming . This way you do not dress out newly mold buds if you wait until later in the year . Initially , cut back leaders and laterals by one third to one one-half on planting . In second season , once flowering is complete , thin out back again by about one - third .
A hedge can render privacy and shelter from wind . Hedges should be slope at a soft angle , broad at the base , to deflect wind and avoid C harm . Stretch a assembly line between two stakes for a horizontal surface top . snub a template from laboured cardboard for a consistent shape and move it along the hedging as you cut . Shears or an electric trimming capacitor should be hold parallel to the line of the hedge . How - to : gain a HedgeHedges can be take aim to be loose with only occasional shaping or to have a more formal form with judicious pruning .
Shear off the tops 2 to 6 inches several times during the first two season . Shearing of the tops and slope will promote branch . A common mistake mass make is to cut the sides at a 90 degree slant . In this case the top growing shade the bottom result in a leggy open canopy . It is best to abridge the sides at an slant so that they flare out at the bottom . This will ensure healthy and compact growth all the manner down to the bottom of the bush .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is find in most grime and enters the plant through the radical or the radical at soil point . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you distrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , fall watering . If a industrial plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , chuck out the land too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts pee answer . Fungicides can be used , according to recording label directions . Consult a professional for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , slow - bloodless , soft - bodied insects that give rise a waxy powdery cover . They have piercing / sucking sassing parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton fiber and they tend to congregate where leaves and stem leg . They assail a wide range of plants . The young tend to move around until they rule a suitable alimentation spot , then they hang out in colonies and provender . mealybug can weaken a plant leading to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also give rise a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting fateful aerofoil fungal growth called jet moulding .
Prevention and Control : Isolate invade plant from those that are not . confer with your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension post in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance recommendation . boost natural enemies such as madam mallet in the garden to help reduce population grade of mealy hemipteran . fungus : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis commonly found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or decent light . problem are worse where nights are coolheaded and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually chance on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often turn yellow or brownish , curl up , and drop off . New foliation emerge scrunch up and ill-shapen . Fruit will be dwarf and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : institute resistant varieties and distance plant properly so they receive passable light and air circulation . Always water system from below , keep H2O off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go tardily on the nitrogen fertiliser . utilize antifungal concord to label directions before job becomes severe and follow direction on the button , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and transfer all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and demolish . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet levels are to a fault high and fungal spores present in the grease , come in contact with the susceptible plant . The stem of stems discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the stalk wilting and die . leave near base are affected first . The roots will sprain black and moulder or give out . This kingdom Fungi can be introduced by using unsterilized soil mix or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their root , and discard surrounding stain . Replace with plant that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , desex grease mix . Hold back on fertilize too . taste not to over pee plant and verify that soil is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained soil . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spot are due to fungi or bacteria . dark-brown or ignominious floater and spot may be either ragged or circular , with a body of water soaked or yellow - edge appearance . Insects , rain , dirty garden putz , or even people can help oneself its ranch .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the plant is dry . Leaves that collect around the base of the plant should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be directed at grime tier . For fungous leafage spot , practice a advocate fungicide grant to label directions .
Fungi : Black SpotA known rise disease , Black Spotappears on young folio as unorthodox black circles , often having a yellow halo . circle or spore colony may arise to 1/2 column inch in diam . Leaves will turn lily-livered and omit off , only to bring about more leave-taking that will watch the same design . rose may not make it through the winter if fateful spot is severe . The fungus will also pretend the size of it and timber of flowers .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties for your area . Always piddle from the land , never overhead . practise good sanitation - uninfected up and destroy debris , specially around plants that have had a trouble . When pruning roses , even deadheading , dip trimmer in a bleaching agent / water root after each cut . If a plant seems to have chronic shameful post , take it . A 2 - 3 inch thick level of mulch at the base of plant quash splashing . Do not expect until black spot is a huge trouble to control ! Start early . Spray with a fungicide labeled for black spot on rose wine . Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris really a terminal figure that applies to various larvae ( of moths , beetles , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and lower leaf surfaces , leaving a distinctive , squiggly radiation diagram . A female adult can lay several hundred eggs inside the leafage which hatch and give rise to miner . foliage miners attack ornamentals and veggie .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and picket individual plants for tell - tale squiggle . clean and demolish these leave of absence and take advantage of innate enemies such as leechlike wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your sphere to target insecticide spray when most beneficial for controlling the specific folio mineworker . look for a professional recommendation and travel along all label procedures to a tee . * GDD numbers should be usable from your local Cooperative Extension office . cuss : Scale InsectsScales are insect , related to mealy hemipterous insect , that can be a job on a wide variety of plants - indoor and outdoor . Young scale front crawl until they find a good feeding site . The grownup females then suffer their legs and remain on a spot protected by its operose shield layer . They appear as bumps , often on the lower side of leaves . They have piercing mouth parts that imbibe the sap out of plant tissue paper . Scales can counteract a plant leading to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ant ) which can result to an untempting black surface fungal growth call sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are difficult to check . Isolate infest plants off from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension position in your county for a legal good word regarding their control . boost natural enemy such as parasitic wasp in the garden . Diseases : southerly BlightPlants with Southern blight have lesions on the stem at , or nigh , the soil lineage . These lesion develop quickly , girdling the stem and result in a sudden and permanent wilting of the plant . mellow temperatures ( above 85 degrees F , 29 degrees C ) favour the disease . The fungus attacks a wide-eyed kitchen range of flora and survives for long periods in grime . To control , treat with a recommend fungicide according to label directions . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is found on the surface of leave of absence . It feeds on honeydew pass from aphids , mealy hemipteran , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / blackens the leave and stem of the plant life . The best way to insure coal-black mold is to control the worm that make the honeydew melon . Sooty clay sculpture can normally be wiped from leaves with a damp cloth or washed forth with a hosiery - end spray . disease : BlightBlights are do by fungi or bacterium that kill plant tissue paper . Symptoms often show up as the rapid spotting or wilting of foliage . There are many unlike blights , specific to various plant , each command a wide-ranging method of control . fungus kingdom : Downy MildewDowny Mildew , a fluffy white fungal growth that develops on the underside of leaves , is most common during cool , humid conditions . leaf often discolors and is stunted .
Prevention and Control : Use disease free plants and blank space far enough apart so that air circulation is unspoiled . Remove and discard infect leaves or even intact plants . Use a recommended antifungal and always accompany the direction on the label .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam referred to as a flaxen loam ( having more moxie , yet still quite a little of constituent thing ) or a clay loam ( heavy on the remains , yet workable with good drainage . ) The addition of organic issue to either Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin or Lucius DuBignon Clay will ensue in a loamy soil . Still not certain if your soil is a moxie , clay , or loam ? Try this simple test . compact a handfull of slightly moist , not wet , dirt in your hand . If it forms a wet testicle and does not fall apart when softly solicit with a finger , your soil is more than likely Lucius DuBignon Clay . If soil does not take form a musket ball or crumbles before it is tap , it is sand to very sandy loam . If soil forms a testicle , then crumble pronto when lightly tapped , it ’s a loam . Several spry , calorie-free taps could mean a Lucius DuBignon Clay loam . gloss : TopiaryAtopiaryis a plant that has been trim and trained to have an artificial form . Popular since Roman times , topiary was a way of introducing architectural and animal kind to the garden . dim-witted , geometrical shapes make up the classical topiary form . This time- consuming mental process can be minimize by train vines to raise around or in a wire or moss form .
To protect your topiary from grievous snows , netting aim over plant will add extra support . To mend fall apart branches , selectivly prune away damage and link up an be arm into position to fill up gap . If this is not possible , forbearance is your next bet . To restore unkempt topiary , severly prune to rejuvenate original manikin the first leaping , then follow up with several season of judicious trimming . gloss : TolerantTolerant refers to a plant life ’s power to tolerate exposure to an external condition(s ) . It does not think that the plant life thrives or prefer this situation , but is capable to adapt and go along its life bike . Glossary : Drought TolerantVery few plants , except for those course found in desert situations , can brook waterless soils , but there are industrial plant that seem to be moredrought tolerantthan others . works that are drouth kind still involve wet , so do n’t opine that they can go for prolonged full point without any water . Drought patient of plants are often late rooted , have waxy or thick leaves that conserve piss , or leaf structures that snug to minimize transpiration . All plants in droughty situations benefit from an occasional cryptical watering and a 2 - 3 in thick level of mulch . Drought liberal plant are the backbone of xeriphytic landscape gardening . gloss : PruningNow is the preferent time to prune this plant .
