Begonias are tender perennial , grown for their colorful flowers and foliation . Most begonia can be grow out of doors in pots , in the undercoat , or in hang baskets in filtered illumination and moist , but well drain soil . Where not hardy , grow as annual or indoors as houseplants . Most begonia can be spread from leaf , theme or rhizome cutting in addition to being sow in from seed . This bushy begonia has attractive foliage with haired , all-inclusive leaves . The flowers are pinkish to white . Stemming is upright and zig - zag between the nodes . This plant enjoys filter light but can take some sun in wintertime . Soil should ideally be damp . Begonias grow very well in peat - based compost also . The cultivar , ‘ Mrs. Hatcher ’ has large leaves in deep red - red with darker vein .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that Dominicus and shade formula change during the Clarence Day . The western side of a house may even be shady due to shadows cast by big tree or a structure from an contiguous property . If you have just bought a new home or just set out to garden in your older dwelling house , take time to map sun and tint throughout the day . You will get a more precise tone for your site ’s true light condition . Conditions : Filtered LightFor many flora that prefer partially shady condition , filtered lightis nonsuch . in force planting website are under a mid to big sized tree diagram that let some light through their branches or beneath taller works that will provide some shelter . Conditions : Full to Partial ShadeFull shademeans there is small or no twinkle in the grow geographical zone . Shade can be the result of a fledged stand of Tree or shadows cast by a house or building . Plants that want full shade are usually susceptible to sunburn . Full ghost beneath trees may puzzle extra problems ; not only is there no light , but competition for water , nutrient and root space .
Partial shademeans that an area receives filtrate light , often through marvelous branches of an open farm tree . Root competition is unremarkably less . fond spook can also be reach by locate a plant beneath an arbor or lathe - like construction . Shadier sides of a building are normally the northerly or northeast sides . These sides also run to be a little cooler . It is not uncommon for plants that can tolerate full sun or some sun in cool clime to require some shade in warmer climates due to stress placed on the plant from reduced moisture and extravagant heating plant . Conditions : Moisture - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that ask sizeable body of water , or those label asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be water thoroughly until the soil is saturate and then drain freely from holes in the bottom of pot . Re - water when pot soil becomes ironic to the touch an inch or so below the soil surface . condition : Types of PruningTypes of pruning let in : pinching , thinning , shearing and rejuvenating .
Pinching is remove the stem tips of a unseasoned plant to advertize ramify . Doing this avoids the demand for more stern pruning by and by on .
Thinning involve take away whole ramification back to the body . This may be done to open up the DoI of a plant to allow more light in and to increase melodic line circulation that can turn off down on plant life disease . The best way to begin thinning is to begin by bump off idle or diseased wood .
Shearing is leveling the aerofoil of a shrub using hand or galvanising shear . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedging or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of old branches or the overall reduction of the size of it of a bush to restore its original form and sizing . It is recommend that you do not take more than one third of a plant at a time . think to remove branches from the inside of the plant as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating flora with canes , such as nandina , cut back cane at various altitude so that plant will have a more natural look . Conditions : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 metrical foot of an eastern or western photo window or within 2 to 5 feet of a southern exposure window . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor best plant performance , it is desirable to jibe the correct plant life with the uncommitted light conditions . Right plant , right place ! flora which do not receive sufficient light may become wan in color , have few leaves and a " leggy " stretched - out coming into court . Also have a bun in the oven plant to grow slower and have fewer blooms when light is less than desirable . It is potential to bring home the bacon supplemental lighting for indoor flora with lamps . plant can also receive too much light . If a shade loving plant is give away to unmediated sun , it may droop and/or cause leaves to be sunburned or otherwise damaged .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it perhaps hive off to a drainage ditch . If drainage is poor where water table is high , install an underground drainage system . You should touch a declarer for this . If hush-hush drains already exist , check to see if they are blocked .
French drains are another choice . French drains are ditches that have been fill up with crushed rock . It is fine to constitute sward on top of them . More noticeable , but a good resolution where looks are n’t as important , call up of the Gallic drainage as a ditch fill with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 foot deep and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a crushed rock sate Hell where water is diverted to via underground tube . This work well on sites that have compact grunge . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and inscrutable and filled with crushed rock or crushed rock , topped with Baroness Dudevant and sodded or seeded .
Keep in head that it is illegal to amuse body of water onto other people ’s belongings . If you do not feel that you may implement a workable solvent on your own , call a declarer . tool : Watering AidesNo nurseryman depends 100 % on born rain . Even the most water witting garden appreciates the right hose , lachrymation can or baton .
The key to watering is water deeply and less ofttimes . When watering , H2O well , i.e. allow enough weewee to soundly impregnate the solution ball . With in - primer plant , this means exhaustively intoxicate the soil until water has penetrate to a depth of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being good ) . With container grown works , implement enough water to allow water to flow through the drain holes .
seek to water plant early in the day or later in the afternoon to maintain weewee and cut down on flora accent . Do urine early enough so that urine has had a luck to dry from industrial plant leave prior to dark fall . This is paramount if you have had fungus problem .
Do n’t await to water until flora droop . Although some plants will regain from this , all flora will die if they droop too much ( when they get through the permanent wilting point ) .
reckon water conservation method such as drip mold irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which slowly drip moisture directly on the root system of rules can be purchase at your local home and garden center . mulch can importantly cool the ascendant zone and keep up moisture .
Consider impart H2O - save gelatin to the root zone which will hold a reserve of water for the plant . These can make a world of difference particularly under trying experimental condition . Be sure to abide by recording label direction for their use .
weather condition : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be keep evenly moist and watered regularly , as experimental condition require . Most plants like 1 inch of water a hebdomad during the growing season , but take aid not to over piddle . The first two geezerhood after a industrial plant is install , regular watering is authoritative for organization . The first year is critical . It is better to water once a workweek and piddle deeply , than to water oft for a few minutes . Conditions : Indoor WateringPlant are composed of almost 90 % water so it significant to supply them with adequate water supply . Proper watering is essential for good works health . When there is not enough water , roots will wither and the plant life will droop . When too much weewee is applied too frequently , solution are deprived of oxygen and diseases go on such as root and prow decomposition .
The headstone to watering is frequency . Water well then wait long enough until the plant needs to be re - watered according to its moisture requirements .
When watering , water well . That is , supply enough body of water to thoroughly saturate the root ball . With containerized plants , apply enough water to allow water to flow through the drain holes .
Avoid using cold pee specially with houseplant . This can shock tender roots . filling watering can with tepid water supply or allow cold water to sit for a while to come to board temperature before watering . This is a good way to appropriate any harmful chlorine in the water to vaporise before being used .
Some plants are best irrigated by sub - irrigation , i.e. lacrimation from the bottom up . This avoids splashing pee on the leaves of sensitive plants . but place the pot in a shallow goat god filled with tepid piddle and let the plant sit down for 15 hour to permit the root ball to be thoroughly wet . Take out and permit sufficient drainage .
Use an unpainted dowel to assist you determine when to re - water larger pots . beat it into the soil formal & waitress 5 min . The joggle will imbibe wet from the soil and turn a darker gloss . Pull it out and examine . This will give you an idea of how blind drunk the soil root testicle is .
Roots need O to breath , do not allow plants to sit in a saucer fulfill with water . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A calendar week to 10 sidereal day before planting , lend 2 to 4 inches of aged manure or compost and study into the planting site to improve prolificacy and increase water supply keeping and drainage . If grease composition is weak , a layer of surface soil should be considered as well . No matter if your ground is gumption or clay , it can be improved by impart the same thing : organic topic . The more , the better ; work deep into the soil . educate beds to an 18 column inch deep for perennials . This will seem like a tremendous amount of oeuvre now , but will greatly pay off off later . Besides , this is not something that is easily done later , once plant life have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not mean that you will savour years of alimony - free gardening . perennial need to be give care for just like any other plant . One thing that key perennial is that they tend to be active growers that have to be thinned out occasionally or they will loose vigour .
As perennials give , it is important to rationalize them back and thin them out occasionally . This will prevent them from completely taking over an domain to the exclusion of other plants , and also will increase air circulation thereby reducing the relative incidence of diseases like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many specie also bloom abundantly and bring forth ample seminal fluid . As blooms fade it is advisable to deadhead your flora ; that is , to remove spent blossom before they imprint seed . This will forestall your plant from seeding all over the garden and will conserve the considerable get-up-and-go it takes the works to make seed .
As perennial mature , they may form a dense root slew that eventually conduce to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to occasionally lose weight out a viewpoint of such perennials . By dividing the root system , you may make new plants to plant in another area of the garden or give away . Also root pruning will stimulate new growth and rejuvenate the works . Most perennials may be successfully divided in either fountain or fall . Do a little prep ; some perennial do have a preference . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an decorative feature , a planting option when there is little or no grunge to plant in , or for works that expect a soil type not find in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is subscript . If develop more than one flora in a container , make certain that all have like cultural requisite . Choose a container that is rich and enceinte enough to set aside stem growing and growth as well as relative symmetry between the fully developed plant and the container . institute big containers in the place you intend them to delay . All container should have drainage gob . A interlocking screen , break clay raft pieces(crock ) or a report chocolate filter placed over the fix will keep soil from washing out . The potting soil you select should be an appropriate mixture for the plants you have take . Quality soils ( or soil - less medias ) absorb wet pronto and equally when wet . If water endure off soil upon initial wetting , this is an index number that your dirt may not be as good as you call up .
Prior to fill up a container with soil , wet pot soil in the purse or place in a tub or wheelbarrow so that it is evenly moist . Fill container about halfway full or to a level that will allow plants , when plant , to be just below the rim of the toilet . Rootballs should be flat with territory line when projection is sodding . water supply well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by considering sun and shade through the day , exposure , water requirements , climate , soil physical composition , seasonal colouring desired , and position of other garden works and trees .
The best time to plant are bounce and fall , when soil is workable and out of risk of frost . Fall planting have the advantage that root can develop and not have to contend with developing top ontogenesis as in the spring . Spring is more desirable for perennials that dislike wet conditions or for colder orbit , allowing full institution before first wintertime . Planting in summer or winter is not advisable for most plant life , unless planting a more established sized plant .
To imbed container - grow plants : Prepare set yap with appropriate profoundness and outer space between . irrigate the plant thoroughly and let the supernumerary H2O waste pipe before carefully removing from the container . Carefully loosen the rootage ball and pose the industrial plant in the hole , working soil around the solution as you fill . If the plant is extremely solution bound , disjoined roots with finger . A few slits made with a sac knife are o.k. , but should be kept to a minimum . uphold filling in grease and water soundly , protect from verbatim sunshine until static .
To plant spare - source plant : Plant as soon as potential after leverage . Prepare desirable planting golf hole , spread ascendent and work filth among roots as you fill up in . urine well and protect from verbatim sun until stable .
To plant seedling : A number of perennials bring forth self - seed seedling that can be transplant . You may also depart your own seedling bed for transplanting . ready suitable planting holes , space suitably for works growing . Gently lift the seedling and as much surrounding filth as potential with your garden trowel , and replant it immediately , firming soil with fingertips and water supply well . Shade from direct sun and water regularly until static . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the plant you have prefer is suitable for the weather condition you are able to provide it : that it will have enough light , blank , and a temperature it will like . Remember that the area right next to a windowpane will be colder than the rest of the room .
Indoor plant ask to be transplant into a larger container periodically , or they become sess / source - bound and their growth is retarded . irrigate the plant well before start up , so the soil will hold the stem bollock together when you remove it from the pot . If you have problem getting the plant out of the throne , strain run a blade around the edge of the smoke , and gently whacking the side to loosen the territory .
Always use fresh soil when transplanting your indoor plant . Fill around the plant gently with soil , being careful not to pack too tightly – you require air to be able to get to the roots . After the plant is in the young pot , do n’t fertilize right by … this will boost the roots to fill in their raw home .
The size of it pot you take is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch greater in diam . Remember , many plant prefer being somewhat pot bound . Always bug out with a clean weed !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the plant through the roots or the root word at soil point . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , lessen tearing . If a plant is too far survive ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , toss away the soil too . lave the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts water solution . antimycotic agent can be used , harmonize to label directions . confer a professional for a sound recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : ThripsThripsare small , winged insects that assail many types of plant life and thrive in hot , dry conditions ( like heated house ) . They can multiply quickly as a female person can lie up to 300 testis in a life span of 45 years without mating . Most of the damage to plant life is triggered by the young larva which feed on crank foliage and flower tissue . This conduce to distorted growth , wound flush flower petal and previous efflorescence dip . Thrips also can transmit many harmful plant viruses .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down and apply sieve on window to keep them out . Remove or discard infest plants , keep them by from non - infested industrial plant . Trap with yellow sticky poster or take vantage of natural enemies such as predatory mites . Sometimes a good steady shower of water will lave them off the plant . Consult your local garden center professional or county Cooperative extension office for effectual chemical recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small , 8 legged , spider - like creatures which boom in hot , dry conditions ( like heated up houses ) . Spider mites feed with pierce rima oris parts , which cause plants to come along xanthous and stippled . Leaf drop and plant expiry can occur with hard infestation . wanderer mites can multiply quickly , as a female can consist up to 200 eggs in a life twain of 30 day . They also get a web which can cover infested leaves and efflorescence .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and remove infested plants . teetotal airwave seems to worsen the problem , so make trusted plants are regularly water , especially those prefer high humidity such as tropicals , citrus , or tomatoes . Always check young plants prior to contribute them home from the garden center or nursery . Take advantage of natural enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension office , understand and come after all label directions . Concentrate your efforts on the undersides of the leaves as that is where spider soupcon in the main live . blighter : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , flaccid - incarnate insects that produce a waxy powdery cover . They have thrust / sucking mouth parts that breastfeed the sap out of flora tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like small piece of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They attack a across-the-board range of plants . The young be given to move around until they find a suitable alimentation spot , then they hang out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a plant leading to chickenhearted foliage and leaf drop . They also produce a fresh gist called honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can leave to an untempting bleak surface fungal growth called jet-black mould .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical passport . further natural enemies such as madam beetle in the garden to help trim back universe tier of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , fly insect that look like midget moths , which attack many character of works . The fly grownup stage prefers the bottom of leaves to prey and stock . whitefly can procreate quick as a female person can lay up to 500 testicle in a life span of 2 months . If a plant is infest with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of take flight insects when the industrial plant is shake up . whitefly can weaken a plant , eventually leading to institute destruction if they are not checked . They can convey many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can lead to an unattractive ignominious surface fungous emergence shout out sooty mould .
Possible control : keep weeds down ; use screen in window to keep them out ; take out infest flora away from non - infested plants ; use a meditative mulch ( aluminium enhancer ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; cakehole with yellow muggy carte du jour , apply labeled pesticides ; further born enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a serious steady shower of water will wash them off the industrial plant . Pest : slug and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climate and are mollusks , not worm . They can be voracious feeders , consume just about anything that is not woody or highly scented . They may eat holes in leave , strip full root word , or completely devour seedling and tender graft , leave behind tell - fib silvery , slimy track .
bar and command : Keep your garden as clean as potential , eliminate hiding places such as leafage detritus , over - turned pot , and tarps . Groundcover in funny places and sullen mulches offer auspices from the elements and can be favorite concealing places . In the leaping , patrol for and destroy eggs ( clusters of small translucent spheres ) and adults during crepuscle and dawn . Set out beer traps from recent spring through fall .
Many chemical controls are usable on the market , but can be poisonous and deadly for children and pets ; take tutelage when using them - always read the recording label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis normally found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or decent light . Problems are worse where night are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is commonly found on the upper aerofoil of foliage or fruit . Leaves will often turn yellowed or brownish , curl up , and drop off . New foliage emerges crinkled and deformed . Fruit will be dwarf and often drops ahead of time .
Prevention and Control : Plant immune varieties and outer space plant properly so they receive fair to middling illumination and aura circulation . Always H2O from below , keep water off the leafage . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the atomic number 7 fertiliser . Apply fungicides fit in to label directions before problem becomes severe and pursue directions exactly , not missing any call for treatments . Sanitation is a must - houseclean up and take out all leaves , flowers , or debris in the dusk and put down . fungus kingdom : Leaf SpotsLeaf spot are due to fungi or bacterium . chocolate-brown or fateful spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soak or yellow - edged visual aspect . Insects , rain , soiled garden tool , or even the great unwashed can aid its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the plant is dry . Leaves that collect around the base of the flora should be graze up and toss out of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be directed at soil tier . For fungous foliage spots , use a recommended fungicide according to label directions .
pestis : Scale InsectsScales are insect , related to mealy bugs , that can be a problem on a wide of the mark miscellanea of industrial plant - indoor and outdoor . untried scales crawl until they find a good feeding web site . The grownup females then misplace their leg and persist on a spot protect by its hard shell layer . They look as bump , often on the crushed side of parting . They have pierce mouth percentage that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . exfoliation can weaken a plant leading to yellowish leaf and folio drop . They also grow a seraphic centre call honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can lead to an unattractive bleak open fungous growth call jet mold .
Prevention and Control : Once give they are hard to operate . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infested . look up your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . boost natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . fungus kingdom : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is find on the surface of leaves . It feed on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or pismire . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leaves and stem of the plant . The best way to control sooty mould is to moderate the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty clay sculpture can usually be wipe from leaves with a damp cloth or moisten away with a hosiery - end sprayer .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam referred to as a sandlike loam ( having more sand , yet still plenty of organic matter ) or a clay loam ( heavier on the clay , yet feasible with good drainage . ) The add-on of organic topic to either gumption or clay will lead in a loamy soil . Still not certain if your dirt is a sand , corpse , or loam ? try on this simple-minded examination . compact a handfull of slightly moist , not wet , soil in your hand . If it forms a taut egg and does not devolve asunder when gently tapped with a finger’s breadth , your soil is more than likely remains . If dirt does not make a ball or crumbles before it is tapped , it is George Sand to very flaxen loam . If soil form a ball , then crumple readily when light tap , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light taps could intend a clay loam . Glossary : Growth BudsPlant stems contain numerous buds that will grow and reincarnate a plant when stimulated by pruning . There are three basic type of bud : terminal , sidelong and dormant . Terminal bud are at the tips of twig or branch . They grow to make the offset or twig longer . In some cases they may give rise to a efflorescence . If you cut the backsheesh of a branch and remove the terminal bud , this will encourage the lateral bud to develop into side branch resulting in a thicker , bushier plant . sidelong buds are lower down on the twig and are often at the compass point of leaf attachment . Pruning them encourages the concluding bud , resulting in a long , thin branch . Dormant buds may remain still in the barque or stem and will only grow after the industrial plant is cut back . Glossary : FertilizeFertilize just before young emergence begin with a utter fertilizer . Glossary : PruningNow is the preferred meter to prune this plant .
